Babak Homayunpur; Massoud Goodarzi; Qolamreza Zehtabian; Baharak Motamedvaziri; Hassan Ahmadi
Abstract
Nowadays, global climate change has been observed which had an impact on both surface and groundwater resources management. The main objective of this research is change detection of groundwater fluctuation caused by climate change in Borkhar Plain, Isfahan Province. In this way, both Mann-Kendal and ...
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Nowadays, global climate change has been observed which had an impact on both surface and groundwater resources management. The main objective of this research is change detection of groundwater fluctuation caused by climate change in Borkhar Plain, Isfahan Province. In this way, both Mann-Kendal and Sen’s slope non-parametric analysis were used using 19 piezometric wells data for the period of 1991-2019. Pearson correlation matrix along with correlation between climatic elements including temperature, precipitation and evapotranspiration (Thornwhite) with water table levels were determined. Based on this, a multivariate regression model was developed to model the annual time series at a confidence level of 0.95. Climatic factors of 2080-2099 period were simulated using the output of HadCM3 model through Lars-WG downscaling model for Maymeh Station under two scenarios A2 and A1B and based on the developed regression model, the water level of Borkhar Plain was simulated. The results showed that in the base period, the water table in the study area has been decreased with an annual slope of 47 cm per year. Correlation analysis showed that the three climatic elements of precipitation, temperature and evapotranspiration in a linear composition modeled 0.75 of the annual groundwater changes in the plain. The results of the exponential microscale model implemented on HadCM3 data showed that in the period 2080-2099 under both scenarios, the groundwater level of the region will decrease between 15 to 17 meters compared to the base period.
Eqbal Mohammadi; Ali Akbar Mehrabi; Baharak Motamedvaziri
Abstract
Introduction
The requirement of a comprehensive water law is the drafting and revision of laws and the scientific and legal regulation of water distribution laws. The idea of a comprehensive law is consistent in many countries to eliminate the fragmentation of laws. The comprehensive water law means ...
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Introduction
The requirement of a comprehensive water law is the drafting and revision of laws and the scientific and legal regulation of water distribution laws. The idea of a comprehensive law is consistent in many countries to eliminate the fragmentation of laws. The comprehensive water law means the thematic examination of the laws and legal rules related to water, the realization of which requires spending a lot of time. Lack of water resources and drought, increase in population and excessive consumption of water, the existence of vague and unenforceable laws in the water sector are among the most important challenges of the country, and for the fair allocation and implementation of the correct management of the protection of water resources in watersheds, it is necessary to formulate a comprehensive water law. Failure to examine the legal position of environmental rights, as the cause of destruction of wetlands in Iran on the one hand and the indiscriminate use of river water on the other hand, causes various changes in the water flow regime and destruction of the river ecosystem and It has become wetlands and it shows the importance of drafting a comprehensive water law in Iran. The results of clarifying and drafting a comprehensive law will lead to an increase in social security and public welfare. Failure to pay attention to this type of research will lead to an increase in injustice, destruction of water and soil resources, loss of national rights and rights of people, and destruction of the environment. The purpose of the research is to examine the water laws in Iran in order to solve legal challenges and provide the basis for the development of the country's comprehensive water law.
Materials and methods
Research materials and methods include collecting statistics and information on water laws and identifying and separating the main and secondary laws related to water, valid ruling laws from non-valid ruling and obsolete laws, and examining the thematic, conceptual relationship and analysis of water laws from a legal and structural point of view. An organization that includes the statistical population of all laws enacted during the legislative period from 1906 to 2021. In this research, a list of the main and secondary water laws, including valid and obsolete laws and expired, rejected and conflicting laws, was prepared in the form of tables and histograms, and based on the reference, ID number and date of approval, it was collected and analyzed from library and internet sources. It was conducted qualitatively in the form of theoretical framework, content analysis and conceptual model, and the parameters of the number of obsolete, conflicting, expired, repealed and valid ruling laws were quantitatively analyzed.
Results and discussion
The research results show that out of 364 water-related laws, only 6.6% are in the form of statutes and about 21.7% are valid laws. 30% are related to protocols, agreements, conventions and contracts. 6.6 percent of the laws of the water sector are explicitly and implicitly repealed, 6% are expired and 29.1% of the existing laws are repealed, which can often be repealed during the revision process and will provide the basis for the development of the country's comprehensive water law.
Conclusion
The analysis of the questionnaire also shows that 95% of the respondents by choosing a very high option and 5% by choosing a high option consider it necessary to revise the comprehensive water law. Among the respondents, 89% believe that the drafting of the comprehensive water law has an effect on attracting people's participation in preserving water resources and watershed management. Therefore, the answer to most of the questions is affirming the necessity of developing a comprehensive water law.
Mohammad Jafar Soltani; Baharak Motamedvaziri; aliakbar noroozi; Hassan Ahmadi; Jamal Mosaffaei
Abstract
Extended abstractIntroductionDust event is one of the natural events that occur widely in the world, especially in dry areas. One of the main and effective factors in the occurrence of this phenomenon is the geographical location and climatic conditions of the regions affected by this phenomenon. The ...
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Extended abstractIntroductionDust event is one of the natural events that occur widely in the world, especially in dry areas. One of the main and effective factors in the occurrence of this phenomenon is the geographical location and climatic conditions of the regions affected by this phenomenon. The purpose of this research is to analyze the cause-and-effect relationships of dust events in Hendijan region with the approach of the Driver-Pressure-Situation-Effect-Response (DPSIR) framework. Materials and methodsThe DPSIR process is an analysis based on the "cause-disability" relationship of factors for policy-making and management planning. The DPSIR framework is a systems thinking framework that assumes cause-and-effect relationships between environmental and socio-economic systems. This conceptual framework uses a cycle of causes and results for the proper integration of basic economic, social and environmental data and information, specifies the relationship between environmental processes and human factors, and also leads to an understanding of the relationship between policy levels and environmental studies. The trend of each component of DPSIR was also evaluated by applying quantitative criteria for the time period of 2007-2019. Results and discussionThe results of the research showed that the total index of all DPSIR components has an upward trend for the studied period. The slope of the trend related to D, P, S, I and R components was equal to 0.06, 0.03, 0.02, 0.05 and 0.02, respectively. Although some responses were made to reduce the influence of others. The components of DPSIR have been adopted to improve the dust situation, but the research results and the process of changes showed that they were not sufficient and integrated. In this research, a variety of answers related to the components of the driving force, pressure, situation, and effects were identified. The results showed that dust concentration and dusty days in the region increased during the study period and more attention was paid to reactive responses and less focus on preventive responses. Also, paying attention to the response of increasing the efficiency of irrigation due to the high correlation between the state of dust concentration and pressure factors such as the amount of rainfall, soil moisture, and exploitation of water resources in the research area, special attention to the development of water extraction systems as one of the most important responses. Management issues due to the existence of negative and high correlation with the dust situation during the years of research, adequate and sustainable supply of water resources by reducing and minimizing the diversion dams downstream of the Kowsar and Ask dams due to the increase in dust concentration with the increase of flood diversion operations and construction Reservoir and diversion dams since 2009, Considering the water rights of wetlands in the region with the aim of preventing wetlands from drying up and creating a dust center, especially in the west of Hendijan city, and carefully choosing the appropriate plant species, as well as carrying out desertification operations (planting saplings, mulching, building windbreaks). With the ecological conditions of the region, due to the negative correlation between the desertification operation and the reduction of dust concentration since 2014, it can help to improve the dust situation in the research area. ConclusionIn this regard, it is recommended to respond to driving forces (D) and pressures (P) so that while improving the conditions and adverse effects caused by it, the drivers and pressures that create the current situation can also be controlled. Based on this, the incomplete implementation of the answers is another reason for not achieving management goals and making the situation and the number of dusty days more unfavorable. It is also suggested to implement the integrated watershed management program in Hendijan city through the development of a joint water, agriculture, and natural resources program upstream of the watershed in order to clarify the effective measures of the water production, distribution, and consumption chain in the upstream lands.
Mohammad Jafar Soltani; Baharak Motamedvaziri; Ali Akbar, Noroozi; Hassan Ahmadi; Jamal, Mosaffaei
Abstract
One of the natural and common hazards in recent years is the phenomenon of dust, which causes damage, especially to urban and human environments, and is very difficult to control and manage. One of the main and effective factors in the occurrence of this phenomenon is the geographical location and climatic ...
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One of the natural and common hazards in recent years is the phenomenon of dust, which causes damage, especially to urban and human environments, and is very difficult to control and manage. One of the main and effective factors in the occurrence of this phenomenon is the geographical location and climatic conditions of the regions of origin and the areas affected by this phenomenon. In this research, which has been done in Hindijan City of Khuzestan Province, first, issues and problems have been identified based on library studies, questions from experts, referring to the research area. Then, the Driving force-Pressure-Status-Impact-Response (DPSIR) framework was used to analyze the most important factors that have caused the occurrence of dust in the city of Hindijan. The DPSIR framework is an analysis of the "cause-effect" relationship of factors for policy-making and management planning. In this study, the factors related to each of the components of the DPSIR framework were identified and prioritized using a questionnaire of experts with a Likert scale and based on nonparametric Friedman tests. Explain that, to complete the questionnaire of experts, experts from the Departments of Natural Resources, Environment, Regional Water and Agricultural Jihad of Khuzestan Province were surveyed. Results showed that population growth, agricultural development, livestock development, industrial development and climate change are important from maximum to minimum, respectively, the most important drivers affecting the occurrence of dust in the study area. Attention to both reactive and preventive responses has an important role in improving the situation and reducing the adverse effects of dust occurrence in the research area.
Parvaneh Mahmudi; Baharak Motamedvaziri; majid hosseini; Hasan Ahmadi; Ata Amini
Abstract
This study focuses on simulation and management the various hydrological responses to climatic changes. The semi-distributed hydrologic model SWAT (soil and water assessment tool) was used to evaluate runoff and water balance due to climate changes in Siminehroud and Zarrinehroud watersheds. The simulation ...
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This study focuses on simulation and management the various hydrological responses to climatic changes. The semi-distributed hydrologic model SWAT (soil and water assessment tool) was used to evaluate runoff and water balance due to climate changes in Siminehroud and Zarrinehroud watersheds. The simulation period was selected between 1990 and 2014. The assessment results in the calibration and validation periods using the NS and R2 obtained 0.75, on average. Using statistical multisite downscaling of LARS-WG climatic models MIROC-ESM-CHEM، GFDL-ESM2M and NorESM1-M the future climatic condition entered to the model using two optimistic RCP2.6 and pessimistic RCP8.5 scenarios. The largest changes in runoff in the upcoming period, May, reduced by 2.4 m3 s-1 and in April, increased by 1.49 m3 s-1 in the optimistic scenario. In RCP8.5 pessimistic scenario in May and June, also the highest runoff was observed. The rate of actual monthly evaporation will increase in the optimistic scenario up to 3 mm and in the pessimistic scenario up to 8 mm increase will have a negative impact on the available water resources in the watershed. With estimation the climate changes and its effect on the stream flow discharge is possible performing a suitable management in Siminehroud and Zarrinehroud watersheds.
